1q: Cells present in Cerebellar cortex are all except
a. Purkinje
b. Bipolar
c. Granule
d. Golgi
2q: Fascia around nerve bundle of brachial plexus is derived from
a. Prevertebral fascia
b. Pretracheal fascia
c. Investing layer
d. Superficial cervical fascia
3q: Boundary of triangle of auscultation is not formed by
a. Serratus anterior
b. Scapula
c. Trapezius
d. Lattisimus dorsi
More information on THE TRIANGLE OF AUSCULTATION is given here.
4q: Which of the following brainstem nuclei is not derived from the alar plate?
a. Inferior olivary
b. Substantia nigra
c. Dentate
d. Hypoglossal
5q: Sternocleidomastoid is supplied by all of the following arteries except
a. Occipital
b. Posterior auricular
c. Thyrocervical trunk
d. Superior thyroid
6q: In a subclavian artery block at the outer border of first rib, all of the following arteries help in maintaining the circulation to upper limb except
a. Subscapular artery
b. Superior thoracic
c. Thyrocervical trunk
d. Suprascapular artery
7q: Trendelenburg test is positive due to injury to which of the following nerve?
a. Obturator
b. Sciatic
c. Superior gluteal
d. Inferior gluteal
8q: Which of the following is not a permanent mucosal fold?
a. Spiral valve of Heister
b. Gastric rugae
c. Plica semilunaris
d. Transverse rectal fold
9q: Spleen projects into the following space of peritoneal cavity
a. Paracolic gutter
b. Infracolic compartment
c. Left subhepatic space
d. Greater sac
10q: Which of the following is the terminal group of lymph node for colon?
a. Paracolic
b. Epicolic
c. Preaortic
d. Ileocolic
11q: Which passive movement causes pain in deep posterior compartment syndrome?
a. Foot adduction
b. Dorsiflexion of foot
c. Plantar flexion of foot
d. Foot adduction
12q: All of the following structures pierce the buccinator muscle except
a. Parotid duct
b. Molar glands of the cheek
c. Buccal branch of facial nerve
d. Buccal branch of the mandibular nerve
Saturday, November 15, 2008
Sunday, September 28, 2008
21 - carotid triangle
The carotid triangle is limited posteriorly by sternocleidomastoid, anteroinferiorly by the superior belly of omohyoid and superiorly by stylohyoid and the posterior belly of digastric. In the living (except the obese) the triangle is usually a small visible triangular depression, sometimes best seen with the head and cervical vertebral column slightly extended and the head contralaterally rotated. The carotid triangle is covered by the skin, superficial fascia, platysma and deep fascia containing branches of the facial and cutaneous cervical nerves. The hyoid bone forms its anterior angle and adjacent floor and can be located on simple inspection, verified by palpation. Parts of thyrohyoid, hyoglossus and inferior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles form its floor. The carotid triangle contains the upper part of the common carotid artery and its division into external and internal carotid arteries. Overlapped by the anterior margin of sternocleidomastoid, the external carotid artery is first anteromedial, then anterior to the internal carotid artery. Branches of the external carotid artery are encountered in the carotid triangle. Thus the superior thyroid artery runs anteroinferiorly, the lingual artery anteriorly with a characteristic upward loop, the facial artery anterosuperiorly, the occipital artery posterosuperiorly and the ascending pharyngeal artery medial to the internal carotid artery. Arterial pulsation greets the examining finger. The superior thyroid, lingual, facial, ascending pharyngeal and sometimes the occipital, veins, correspond to the branches of the external carotid artery, and all drain into the internal jugular vein. The hypoglossal nerve crosses the external and internal carotid arteries. It curves round the origin of the lower sternocleidomastoid branch of the occipital artery, and at this point the superior root of the ansa cervicalis leaves it to descend anteriorly in the carotid sheath. The internal laryngeal nerve and, below it, the external laryngeal nerve, lie medial to the external carotid artery below the hyoid bone. Many structures in this region, such as all or part of the internal jugular vein, associated deep cervical lymph nodes, and the vagus nerve, may be variably obscured by sternocleidomastoid, and, pedantically, are thus 'outside the triangle'.
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